Te Hangahanga o te Capacitor Pātea Paralle, Te Mahi Motuhake & Te Whakataurite

Ko te capacitor pātea paralle tetahi o nga momo nui o nga capacitors. I hangaia mai i nga pereti conductive e rua e tuhia ana ki te taha ki tetahi atu, me tetahi rauemi aukume e kiia ana he dielectric i waenga i a ratou. Ka mārama nga capacitor pātea paralle ki te whakamahi o te capacitance. Ko ta ratou mahi e pa ana ki nga whakaritenga e toru: te whakarea pereti, te tawhiti i waenga i nga pereti, me te rauemi dielectric e whakamahia ana. Ko tenei tuhinga e whakamārama ana i te hangahanga, te hiko hiko, te mahi motuhake, te whakaritenga, te tuku, nga whakatau kua oti, me nga tono e pa ana ki nga capacitor pātea paralle.

Kātā

Te Hangahanga o te Capacitor Pātea Paralle

Ko te capacitor pātea paralle e hangaia ana me nga pereti conductive e rua e tuhia ana ki te taha ki tetahi atu. Ko enei pereti he mea hanga i nga metara conductive pērā i te alumini, te copper, me te foils metallized. Ka tūhia rātou ki te taurite ki te tahi atu, e waiho ana he rahi iti i waenga i a ratou.

Ko te waahi i waenga i nga pereti e kīia ana hei dielectric. Ko nga rauemi dielectric e whakamahia nuitia ana ko te hau, te pepa, te filimi kirihou, te keramik, te mica, me te karaihe. Ko te dielectric e wehea ana i nga pereti, e aukati ana i te pānga hiko tika, ā, e awhina ana ki te whakatauhia te taumata voltage o te capacitor me te uara capacitance.

Ka hono nga taura waho, nāna e hono i nga pereti e rua, kāore e taea te hono ki tetahi hiko. I roto i nga hoahoa whaihua, ka taea te whakarite i nga pereti me te dielectric hei pepa pātea, hei hungawai, hei hanga foils e kiia ana hei paraihe, hei penapena i te wāhi me te pupuri i te hangahanga matua kotahi.

Te Hiko Hiko o te Capacitor Pātea Paralle

Ko te hiko hiko o te capacitor pātea paralle e whai ana i tetahi capacitor e hono ana ki tetahi pūhiko DC E ma te huri K. Ko nga pereti capacitor e rua, e mōhiotia ana ko A me B, e hono ana ki nga tīranga rerekē o te pūhiko. Ko te pūhiko e tuku ana i nga pūngao e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere i nga hiko ki runga i nga pereti, i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te huri i te wā ka tīmata te tukanga hiko.

I te wā e kati ana te huri K, ka rere ngā electrons i roto i te pūnaha o waho i te tīranga kāhua ki te kōtaha capacitor kotahi. I taua wā anō, ka tangohia ngā electrons mai i te pereti rerekē ka haere ki te tīranga pūhiko pai. I runga i tēnei, ka noho ko A he pūngao rānei ka noho ko B he pūngao pātea. I te mea ko te dielectric i waenga i nga pereti he aukume, kaore e taea te rere pūngao tika i roto i te capacitor.

I te wā e whiriwhiria ana ngā pūngao i runga i ngā pereti, ka tupu he rerekētanga vae V₀ i runga i te capacitor. Ka piki te tākoha i te pūhiko i te wā e pātata ana te pūngao ki te pūhiko.

Ko te tukanga tuku i te pāmahana ka haere tonu i te waewae ka pārahi i te pāmahana kāinga E. I tenei wā, kua tino pārahi te pāmahana, ka mutu te haere o te hiko i roto i te tōpū DC.

Te Mahi o te Kāapa Pūrere Paerewa

Ko te kāapa pūrere paerewa e mahi ana ma te wehewehe i te hiko rīki i waenganui i ngā panekau whakakī. I te wa e pārahi ana, ka pārahi te panekau kotahi me te panekau kē ka pārahi i te rōpū pōti. E pā ana aua hiko rīki ki a rāua i te taha o te rauemi dielectric.

Ka hanga ngā hiko rīki i te wāhi hiko i waenganui i ngā panekau. I te mea ko te dielectric he takirua, kāore e taea e te hiko rīki te neke tika mai i te panekau kotahi ki te panekau kē. Engari, ka tiakina te pūngao i roto i te wāhi hiko i hangaia i waenganui i ngā panekau.

I te whakawhānui ake o te hiko tiakina, ka piki ano te pāmahana i te whakauru ki te pāmahana. Ka haere tonu te kāapa e tiaki ana i te pūngao tae noa ki te pāmahana e tika ana ki te pāmahana e whakarahia ana. I muri mai, ka noho te kāapa i pārahi ki te pā ki te ara huka.

Tūtohu Pūrere Kāapa Paerewa

Ko te kapasitāna o te kāapa pūrere paerewa e whakawhirinaki ana ki tāna hanga tinana. I te kūwaha, ka whakatau i te rahi o ngā panekau whakakī, te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā panekau, me te rauemi dielectric i whakatakotoria i waenganui i a rāua. Ko ēnei tau e whakatau ana i te nui o te hiko rīki e taea e te kāapa te tiaki mō te pāmahana e whakarahia ana.

Ka whakawātea te kapasitāna mā te tūtohu:

Kei reira:

C = kapasitāna (F)

ε = te tikanga o te rauemi dielectric (F/m)

A = te rahi whaihua o te panekau kotahi (m²)

d = te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā panekau (m)

E whakaatu ana tēnei tūtohu, ka piki te kapasitāna ka rahi te rahi o te panekau nāna i tiaki te nui o te hiko rīki i runga i ngā mata o ngā panekau. Ka piki ano te kapasitāna ka whakamahia he dielectric me te tikanga nui, i te mea ka kaha te dielectric ki te tiaki i te pūngao hiko. Ki te kāore, ko te pikinga o te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā panekau ka whakawhānui i te kapasitāna nāna i whakaitihia te wāhi hiko.

Mō te kāapa e oñā ana te hau mō te rōpū hiko, ko te tikanga he rite ki te tikanga o te wāhi korekore (ε₀). I te wā e whakamahia ana he rauemi dielectric kē, ka riro i a ε = εᵣε₀, kei reira εᵣ ko te tikanga whakataunga (hiko dielectric) o te rauemi. Tēnei te take ka taea e ngā rauemi dielectric rerekē te pā ki te rārangi whakaritenga kapasitāna ka puta.

Te Whakatakotanga Pūrere Kāapa Paerewa

Ka tīmata te whakatakotanga o te tūtohu pūrere kāapa paerewa me te hanganga e kitea ana i te whakaahua. Ko te kāapa he rahi ki te rahi o ngā panekau whakakī, kua wehehia e te tawhiti iti d. He rauemi dielectric me te tikanga ε e kākahu ana i te wāhi i waenganui i ngā panekau. Ko te panekau kotahi e mau ana i te hiko rīki +Q, ko te panekau kē e mau ana i te hiko rīki whakaitihia −Q. Nā te mea he iti te rahi i waenganui i ngā panekau, ka taea te whakaaro ko te wāhi hiko i waenganui i ngā panekau he uniform.

Ko te mahi tuatahi he whakataurite i te mōkī hiko i runga i ngā panekau. Ko te mōkī hiko e whakahua ana i te hiko kua tohaina i runga i te rahi o te panekau:

kei reira σ ko te mōkī hiko i runga i te panekau, Q ko te hiko kei runga i te panekau, ā, A ko te rahi o te panekau.

Mō ngā panekau e pārahi ana ki rerekē i te rīki, ko ngā wāhi hiko i whakaputahia e ia panekau e āwhina ana i te takiwā i waenganui i a rāua. Ko te wāhi hiko kei waenganui i ngā panekau he:

Ko te whakakī i te ritenga mō te mōkī hiko e ngā pūta:

E whakaatu ana tēnei whakaritenga kei te piki te wāhi hiko me te hiko tiakina, ā, ka heke i te mea ka rahi te rahi o te panekau.

Ko te rerekētanga pāmahana kei waenganui i ngā panekau he rite ki te wāhi hiko ka whakanuihia e te tawhiti d:

V=Ed

Ko te whakakī i te ritenga wāhi hiko:

Ko te kapasitāna e whāngai ana hei whakaputa i te hiko tiakina ki te rerekētanga pāmahana i runga i te kāapa:

Ko te whakakī i V ki te hua o mua e kī ana:

I muri i te whakaiti, ka riro te kapasitāna o te kāapa pūrere paerewa hei:

E whakaatu ana tēnei whakaritenga whakamutunga ko te kapasitāna e pā ana ki te rahi o te panekau me te tikanga dielectric, ā, ki te hē ano e pā ana ki te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā panekau. No reira, ko ngā panekau rahi, he dielectric ki te tikanga teitei, rānei ko te tawhiti iti i waenganui i ngā panekau ka pā ki te pikinga o te uara kapasitāna.

Ka whakahaerea e te Whakamātautau

Tauira 1

Ko te kāapa pūrere paerewa e whakamahi ana i te dielectric me te tikanga whakataunga k = 3.5. Ko te rahi o te panekau he 0.08 m², ā, ko te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā panekau he 0.002 m. Tāuta te kapasitāna.

Rongoā:

I tango:

- Rahi, A = 0.08 m²

- Te tawhiti, d = 0.002 m

- Te whakapumautanga relative, k = 3.5

- Te whakapumautanga o te wāhi kore, ε₀ = 8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m

Ko te kirimana capacitance ko:

 

Te tautuhi i ngā uara:

Whakautu: Ko te capacitance he 1.24 nF.

Hei tauira 2

He capacitor pātea pātea i te capacitance o 500 pF. Ko ngā pātea e whakarōpūhia ana e te 0.0015 m, ā, ko te hau te whakamahi hei dielectric (k = 1). Whakamāramatia te awhe pātea e hiahiatia ana.

Rongoā:

I whakawhiwhia:

- Capacitance, C = 500 pF = 500 × 10⁻¹² F

- Te tawhiti, d = 0.0015 m

- Te whakapumautanga relative, k = 1

- Te whakapumautanga o te wāhi kore, ε₀ = 8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m

Te whakarite i te kirimana capacitance:

Te tautuhi i ngā uara:

Whakautu: Ko te awhe pātea e hiahiatia ana he 0.0847 m².

Ngā Whakawhanaketanga Mahi o ngā Capacitors Pātea Pātea

• Te Tākai Pūngao i ngā Aroturuki Hiko - Ka penapena ngā capacitors pātea pātea i te pūngao hiko ā, ka tuku i a ia ina hia. Ka whakamahia rātou i ngā puna pūngao, ngā aroturuki wā, me ngā tono whakaohooho.

• Te Pānga Pūāhua me te Tātari - Ka āwhina ēnei capacitors ki te neke i ngā pūāhua DC i te wā e tuku ana i ngā pūāhua AC. Ka whakamahia rātou i ngā whakamōhiotanga, ngā tātari, me ngā aroturuki whakawhiti ki te whakapai ake i te kounga pūāhua.

• Te Wātea Riko me ngā Aroturuki Hiko - Ka whakamahia ngā capacitors pātea pātea i ngā oscillators, ngā aroturuki resonance, me ngā taputapu riko. Ko tā rātou capacitance ka āhua te whakarite i ngā auau whakaū me ngā āhuatanga tātai.

• Ngā Hunga Kānuka Capacitive - Ko ngā panoni i te tawhiti pātea, i ngā āhuatanga dielectric ka pā atu ki ngā panoni i te capacitance. Ka whakamahia tēnei mātāpono i ngā hunga pēhanga, ngā hunga mō te neke, ngā hunga pēhanga, me ngā taputapu pātea.

• Te Hangarau Pātea - Ka kitea ngā panoni i te capacitance ina tōia he whakaoma, no te mea e tū ana kei te pa kei te mata, e taea ai te nenekehanga pai i ngā pūkoro, ngā papatono, me ngā panui whakahaere.

• Ngā Whakamahi Mēnā me ngā Riri - Ka whakamahia ngā capacitors pātea pātea i ngā pūrere taiwhanga me ngā taputapu whakamātau ki te ine i ngā whakaritenga hiko me te tirotiro i te whanonga electrostatic.

• Ngā Whakawhanaketanga Mātauranga me te Rangahau - Ko tā rātou hoahoa māmā ka tino whai hua mō te whakaatu i te capacitance, ngā mara hiko, ngā rawa dielectric, me te penapena chargé i ngā taiwhanga pūtaiao me te tākaro pāngarau.

Ngā Pātai Ka Pānuitia [FAQ]

1. He aha te take ka piki te capacitance ina ka whakaiti i te tawhiti i waenga i ngā pātea capacitor?

Ko te whakaiti i te tawhiti pātea ka kaha ake te mara hiko i waenganui i ngā pātea, e taea ai e te capacitor te penapena i te whakawhiti ake i te pāmahana kotahi. Ka piki tēnei e pā ana ki te capacitance.

2. He aha te mea ka whakamārie i te rawa dielectric i roto i te capacitor pātea pātea?

Mēnā ka pakaru te dielectric, ka taea te noho i te hiko tino pūmau i waenga i ngā pātea, e whakaputa ana i te pāmahana teitei, te ngaro i te pūngao i penapenahia, me te pea te kino ki te capacitor.

3. He aha te take e whakamahia ai ngā rawa dielectric, kaua e waiho ana te hau i te taha i waenganui i ngā pātea?

He maha ngā rawa dielectric ka pā te whakapumautanga ki runga i te hau, e pikipiki ai te capacitance, ā, kāore e hua te penapena pūngao atu i te rahi physical kotahi.

4. Ka taea e te capacitor pātea pātea te penapena pūngao āke?

Kāore. Ka rangona ngā capacitors tūturu i te wa e ngaro ana te pēhanga penapenahia nāna i ngā kakahu hiko, ngā hē dielectric, me ngā āhuatanga hiko o waho.

5. He aha te take e heke ana te hiko pūmau i te wa e uta ana te capacitor?

I te wā e hiahiatia ana te charge ki runga i ngā pātea, ka piki te pāmahana capacitor ka kāwhiu i te pāmahana tuku. Ka whakamāmā tēnei i te hiko pūmau e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka riro i te mutunga kātahi ka tae ki te rōrahi.