Te Mārama i ngā Pūtau RF Chebyshev i ngā Pūnaha RF

Ko ngā pūnaha RF kei te hiahia i te wehewehe i ngā signal whaihua mai i te noise kāore e hiahiatia, ngā harmoni, me ngā kanae tata. Koia nei te wā e tino pāngia ai te pūtau RF Chebyshev. Kua hoahoahia hei tuku i te tango o te auau i te pātea i runga ake i ngā momo pūtau pātea māmā, ā, e taea ana te whakakore i ngā auau kāore e hiahiatia i te tere i muri i te wāhanga tango. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka ako koe he aha te pūtau RF Chebyshev, me pēhea tōna mahi, ngā momo matua, ngā whakaritenga matua, me ngā atu.

Kaituhi

He aha te pūtau RF Chebyshev?

He pūtau RF Chebyshev he momo pūtau auau (RF) e hoahoa ana hei tuku i te whakawhiti tere i waenganui i te pātea me te pātea aukati i runga i te pūtau Butterworth o te tikanga kotahi. Ka taea e ia tēnei kōwhiringa ka taea te whakatuwhera i te ripples i waenganui i te pātea, i te pātea aukati, i runga i te hoahoa pūtau. Mā te whakatikatika i ngā signal i waho i te awhe auau e hiahiatia ana, ka awhina ēnei pūtau ki te mohio anō i te kounga pūoru me te whakaiti i te pokanga. He pai tēnei kōwhiringa i roto i ngā circuit RF i reira ko te whakahaere bandwidth, te wehewehe i ngā signal, me te whai huatanga ki te whakamahi i te kāwanatanga.

Me pēhea te hanga e te pūtau RF Chebyshev ngā signal?

Ko te whakaahua kei raro i te whakaatu i te whakautu auau o te pūtau Chebyshev e tāpiri ana ki te pūtau Butterworth. Ko te pūtau RF Chebyshev e whakamahia ana mā te tuku i ngā signal kei roto i te awhe auau e hiahiatia ana ki te pātea, i te mea ka whakaheke i ngā auau kāore e hiahiatia i waho i taua awhe. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua ko te wātea o te ripples i te pātea, e awhina ana ki te whakaū i te whakamahutanga tika i te wāhi tango auau.

I roto i te rārangi, ko te kurī kākāriki (Chebyshev 20%) he nui ake te ripples pātea. I te mea e nui ake te wātea o te ripples, ka huri te pūtau i te tere ki te pātea ki te pātea aukati. Ka tuku tēnei i te pātea auau whakamataku engari ka pāngia te rerekētanga i te whakapapa o ngā signal i roto i te pātea.

Ko te kurī kowhai (Chebyshev 0.5%) he iti ake te ripples. Ka tukuna e ia he tango tere i te whaitua i te pūtau Butterworth i te wa e pupuni ana i te whakautu pātea.

Ko te kurī pango (Butterworth) he pātea roa me te ripples kāore e kitea. Heoi, ko tana whakaheke he māmā ake, e pā ana kāore e whakaitu i te hiko kāore e hiahiatia i te wāhi tango auau.

I roto i ngā pūnaha RF, kei roto i te signal whakauru ngā wāhanga auau e hiahiatia ana me ngā wāhanga kāore e hiahiatia ana. Ka tukuna e te pūtau Chebyshev ngā auau e hiahiatia ana me te iti rawa te ngaro me te tere te whakaheke i ngā auau i tua atu o te wāhi tango.

Ngā Momo Matua o ngā Pūtau RF Chebyshev

Ko ngā pūtau RF Chebyshev e rōpūhia ana ki ngā pūtau Chebyshev Momo I me ngā pūtau Chebyshev Momo II. Ka hoahoa ngā momo e rua hei tuku i te whakawhiti auau whaimana atu i ngā hoahoa pūtau māmā, engari ka hiahia rātou ki te ripples i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whakautu auau.

• Momo I Chebyshev Filter – He momo I Chebyshev te whakarere e whakahaere ana i te ripanga i roto i te peka whakawhiti. E tohu ana tēnei ko te pākaha ka piki te tīnga me te heke i mua i te auau kati. E rite ana ki te whakaaturanga momo I, ka hangaia e te nui o nga whakaritenga te pēhanga ripanga me te heke māmā i muri i te wāhi kati. Ka whakamahia tēnei momo hei wāhi e hiahia ana ki te wehe wehe kaha, pēnā i roto i nga kaiwhakawhiti RF, nga kaiwhakarereke, me nga punaha whakawhiti kōrero.

• Momo II Chebyshev Filter – He momo II Chebyshev te whakarere, e kiia ana hei whakaara i te momo Chebyshev, he ohorere te peka whakawhiti engari he ripanga i roto i te peka aukati. E rite ana ki te whakaaturanga momo II, ka noho tonu te tawhiti tohu e hiahiatia ana i mua i te auau kati, i te mea ko te tawhiti ānō i te auau ka awhi i te ripanga. He whaihua tēnei momo i te wā e nui ana te tika o te tohu i te peka whakawhiti, engari he nui tonu te hiahia ko te whakamutu kino i nga auau e hiahiatia ana.

Ko te tino rerekētanga o ēnei momo ko te wāhi e puta ai te ripanga. Ka pokea e momo I te ripanga i roto i te peka whakawhiti ki te whai i te huringa tere i muri i te auau kati. Ka pupuni e momo II te peka whakawhiti ki te māmā ake e pā ana ki te ripanga i roto i te peka aukati. I runga i te hoahoa RF, ka whiriwhiria te momo I hei wāhanga ngātahi, i te nuinga ko te momo II he pai ake i te wā e hiahia ana ki te whakahoki peka whakawhiti.

Ngā Whakaritenga Matua o te Whakarere RF Chebyshev

E rima ngā whakarite matua e whakatau ana i te mahi o te whakarere RF Chebyshev. E pā ana ēnei whakarite ki ngā hātepe e wehe ana te whakarere i te auau e hiahiatia ana me te auau kāore e hiahiatia, te nui o te huringa tohu e whakaaetia ana, me te nui o te ngaro tohu e tupu ana i roto i te ara RF.

Ripanga Peka

Ko te ripanga peka he mea āhuatanga whakamāori o te whakarere Chebyshev. Kāore i pēnei i te whakarere Butterworth, e haere ana ki te peka whakawhiti māmā, ka tuku te whakarere Chebyshev ki te huringa pākaha e whakahaeretia ana i roto i te peka whakawhiti. Ka tūtohu te ripanga i te paerewa dB, pērā i te 0.1 dB, 0.5 dB, nāna te 1 dB. Ko te uara ripanga teitei ka tuku tonu i te heke rahi, engari ka hangaia hoki e te wā ka rewa te hiahia rahi i roto i te tohu e hiahiatia ana.

Auau Kati

Ko te auau kati e tohu ana i te huringa i waenga i te peka whakawhiti me te peka aukati. Ko te wāhi e tīmata ai te whakarere ki te whakaheke i ngā tohu ki te whānui. I roto i ngā punaha RF, ka whakatau te auau kati ko te auau e whakaaetia ana ki te whakawhiti me te auau e whakahehia ana.

Whakahaere o te Whakarere

Ko te whakahaerenga o te whakarere e pā ana ki te maha o ngā pūriri ritsā, ngā wāhanga o te whakarere e whakamahia ana i roto i te hoahoa. Ko te whakarere Chebyshev teitei e tuku ana i te māmā ki te wehea mai ngā auau e hiahiatia ana me ngā tohu kāore e hiahiatia ana. Heoi, ka hiahia hoki ia ki ngā taputapu kei reira, kāore e piki te uaua o te hiko, ka taea te piki i te ngaro āwhina.

Tere Hekenga

Ko te tere hekenga e whakaatu ana i te pātea o te whakarere ki te whakaiti i te tohu i te taha i te auau kati. Kāore e mārama ana tēnei e ngā whakarere Chebyshev i runga i te pehanga rahi, nāna tohua ma te whakamahi i ngā auau kāore e hiahiatia ana e te tohu e hiahiatia ana. Ko tēnei ko te take e whakamahia ana rauhu i ngā kaiwhakarereke RF, ngā kaiwhakarere, me ngā hiko whakawhiti.

Aukati Peka

Ko te aukati peka e whakaatu ana i te nui e whakaheke ana te whakarere i ngā tohu kāore e hiahiatia ana i waho o te peka whakawhiti. Ka metenihia i te paerewa dB. Ko te aukati peka teitei e tohu ana i te whakaheke pai o te toihanga, ngā taonga, me ngā tohu kōhao taha.

Ngā Tīwhiri Whakarite

Ko te ngaro tāngata te rahi o te kaha tohu i ngaro i a ia e whakawhiti ana i te whakarere. I roto i ngā hiko RF, ka paihotia te ngaro tāngata i te hiahia ki te tiaki i te kaha tohu me te whakapai ake i te hōtaka pūnaha.

Tīwhiri Rerekētanga

Ko te rerekētanga auau e pā ana ki te āhua me pehea te wehe i ngā auau e hiahiatia ana i ngā auau kāore e hiahiatia ana. He rerekētanga teitei te whakarere Chebyshev nāna i tuku ki te kaihautū i te ripanga ─ e pānei ana te rawa mō te peka whakawhiti me te peka aukati.

Auau Kōpaki

Ko ngā whakarere RF Chebyshev e hiahiatia ana hei hoahoa mō te rauemi me te hiko, he tikanga te 50 Ω he 75 Ω i ngā punaha RF. Ko te whakamāori tika o te auau e āwhina ana ki te whakaiti i ngā whakangawha tohu, te ngaro tūturu, me ngā ngaru tūngao kāore e hiahiatia ana.

Ngā Tāngata Tīwhiri Whakarere Chebyshev

Ko te whakaaturanga e whakaatu ana i te mōrahi āhua mō te whakaurunga momo I Chebyshev. Ko te pātea iti i roto i te peka whakawhiti me te whakaheke māmā i muri i te auau kati he mea matua o ngā whakarere Chebyshev.

Ka tukuna te pātea mōrahi:

|H(jω)| = 1 / √[1 + ε²Tn²(ω/ωc)]

I reira:

• |H(jω)| = pātea mōrahi

• ε = te āhuatanga ripanga

• Tn = te polynomy Chebyshev i te āhua n

• ω = te auau hiko

• ωc = te auau hiko kati

Ko te pākaha iti i te peka whakawhiti ko:

Gmin = 1 / √(1 + ε²)

Ka taea te kimi i te āhua ripanga mai i te whakaritenga ripanga peka:

ε = √(10^(Rp/10) − 1)

I reira ko Rp te ripanga peka i te paerewa dB (dB).

Ko enei tikanga ka whakamahia hei hoahoa i nga taura Chebyshev me te whakaoti i to ratau whakautu auau. Ka awhina ratou ki te whakatau i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ripples, te raupapa taura, te auau tapahi, me nga ahuatanga ora.

Nga Whakahaere Taura Chebyshev Tauira

Ko nga tauira e whai ake nei e whakaatu ana i nga taura Chebyshev tuarua e pa ana ki te tikanga Sallen-Key.

Taura Chebyshev Low-Pass

Ko tenei taura he taura Chebyshev tuarua I e pa ana, i whakamahia hei TL081 whakamōhio whakamahi. Ko te whatunga resistor-capacitor te whakatau i te auau tapahi me nga ahuatanga ripples, i te mea e whakarato ana te op-amp i te whakatūpato me te kaha. Ka pā te ngeru ki raro i te auau tapahi me te iti te kutukutu, i te mea ko nga waahanga teitei te auau ka whakaitihia i te tere. Ko te tātai whakautu auau e whakaatu ana i te ripples passband motuhake me te whakahaere tipu o te taura Chebyshev.

Taura Chebyshev High-Pass

Ko te taura Chebyshev tuarua I e pa ana ki te hanganga Sallen-Key. Ka raru te capacitor kei te tomo i nga tohu auau iti, ā, ka tuku i nga tohu auau teitei ki te whakawhiti. Ko te whatunga resistor-capacitor me te op-amp e whakatau ana i te auau tapahi me te whakautu taura. Ko te tātai whakautu auau e hāngai ana i te pākaha e piki ana i runga i te auau tapahi i te mea e whakaitihia ana nga waahanga auau iti.

Nga Whakamahi o nga Taura RF Chebyshev

• Ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti mokowā - Ka whakamahia nga taura RF Chebyshev ki te wehe i nga āhuatanga auau e hiahiatia ana me te whakaiti i te pokanoa mai i nga kanae tata.

• Ngā rangitaki RF - Ka awhina i te tango i nga tohu e hiahiatia ana, te haruru, me te pokanoa whakawhiti i mua i te tukanga tohu.

• Ngā transmitters RF - Ka hēdore i nga harmonic me nga waahanga auau e hiahiatia ana i mua i te tukunga o te tohu.

• Nga pūnaha radar - Ka tuku nga taura RF Chebyshev i te whakahaere auau koi mo te kīanga i nga tātaritanga tohu me te ine i nga tohu.

• Ngā taputapu whakawhiti mokowā - Ka awhina i te pupuri i nga whakawhiti tohu maeneene me te whiwhi i runga i nga āhuatanga auau kua pātea.

• Ngā taputapu whakamatautau RF - Ka whakamahia i roto i nga tātaritanga raupapa, nga whakangao tohu, me nga whakamatautau whakawhiti ki te whakapai ake i te tika i te ine.

Taura RF Chebyshev vs Butterworth me etahi atu Taura RF

Māngai	Taura Chebyshev	Taura Butterworth	Taura Bessel	Taura Elliptic
Ripples Passband	0.01–3 dB	0 dB	0 dB	0.01–3 dB
Ripples Stopband	0 dB (Tau I)	0 dB	0 dB	0.01–3 dB
Kōhahoo Passband e Whakahau	±Rp dB	0 dB	0 dB	±Rp dB
Tūtohu Roll-Off per Pole	20 dB/decade	20 dB/decade	20 dB/decade	20 dB/decade
Whakaritenga Kōwhiringa (Whakawhiti)	0.8–0.9	0.5–0.7	0.3–0.5	0.9–1.0
Panoni auau Group	Medium	Low	Lowest	Highest
Lineni Phase	Medium	Good	Excellent	Poor
Overshoot i te Whakautu Pātea	5–30%	4–15%	<5%	20–40%
Te Raro i 2× Te Tapahi (Tauira 5th)	~50–55 dB	~30–35 dB	~20–25 dB	~60–70 dB
Te Raro i 1.5× Te Tapahi (Tauira 5th)	~30–35 dB	~18–22 dB	~10–15 dB	~40–50 dB
Raupapa Taura e Hiahiatia ana mo 40 dB Te Pārera*	4–5	6–8	8–10	3–4
Te Mate Insertion Tino (RF)	0.5–3 dB	0.3–2 dB	0.3–2 dB	1–4 dB
Te Mate Hoki Tino	15–25 dB	20–30 dB	20–30 dB	15–25 dB
Te VSWR Tino	1.2:1–1.5:1	1.1:1–1.5:1	1.1:1–1.5:1	1.3:1–1.8:1
Te Hihiri Kōwhiringa	Medium	Low	Low	High
He Kōwhiringa Hoahoa	Medium	Low	Low	High

Whakarāpopototanga

Ko te painga matua o te tairitahi RF Chebyshev he āhua ōna pātea mō te tere, e āhei ana ki te whakaheke i ngā reo kūware e tata ana ki te tere tere atu i te tairitahi Butterworth, i te tairitahi Bessel rānei e pā ana ki te whakahuatanga kotahi. I te tīhori i te tairitahi RF Chebyshev, me whakaaro ki te reiti tapahi e hiahiatia ana, te pātea pātu, te whakaheke i te wāhi mutu, te ngaro tāpiri, me te patu pūnaha. Ka whai hua ngā tono e hiahia ana i te whakanui i te rahi o te rēreti i ngā pātea rārangi teitei, ā, ko ngā tono e hiahia ana i te pātea tochunga taiao e whakamahi pea i ngā uara pātea iti.

Ngā Pātai Ka Pūreretia [FAQ]

1. He aha e taea ai te tairitahi Chebyshev te whakatutuki i te pātea e teitei ake i te tairitahi Butterworth e pā ana ki te whakahuatanga kotahi?

Ka whakawhāitihia te pātea i roto i ngā whakautu reo o te tairitahi Chebyshev. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka taea te whakawhiti i waenganui i te pātea pātu me te wāhi mutu i te tere, ka hua mai he whiriwhiringa reo pai atu i te tairitahi Butterworth e pā ana ki te whakahuatanga kotahi.

2. Ka pēhea te pātea pātu e pā atu ai i te kounga tohu i roto i ngā pūnaha RF?

Ka pā te pātea pātu ki ngā rerekētanga pātea iti i ngā pātea pātu. I te mea kāore te pātea pātu teitei e whakapai i te whiriwhiringa me te whakaheke i te wāhi tapahi, ka pā pea te pātea pātu nui ki te tika o te rahi tohu i roto i ngā tono RF pea.

3. He aha ka raru ake mēnā ka whakarei ake i te whakahuatanga o te tairitahi Chebyshev?

Mā te pikinga i te whakahuatanga o te tairitahi ka hangaia he pātea e teitei ake me te whakawhāiti e te kaha. Heoi, ka piki ake hoki ngā kōwae a te hiko, te maha o ngā wāhanga, ā, tērā pea ka kawea mai he ngaro tāpiri teitei.

4. He aha te mea nui o te whakakotahi i te pātea i te whakamahi i te tairitahi RF Chebyshev?

Ka taea e ngā rerekētanga i te pātea te raru i ngā whakakiro tohu, te ngaro raupapa, me ngā ngaru tū. Ko te whakakotahi i te tairitahi ki te pātea pūnaha, pērā i te 50 Ω, i te 75 Ω, he awhina i te pupuri i te tangata tohu me te whakapai i ngā mahi filtrari.

5. Ka taea te whakamahi i te tairitahi Chebyshev mō ngā tono pātea pātu me ngā tono pātea pātahi?

Āe. Ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakautu o te tairitahi Chebyshev hei pātea pātu, pātea pātahi, pātea pakeke, hei pātea mutu, i runga i te rōrahi rēreti e hiahiatia ana ki te whakawhiti atu, ki te whakahē.

6. Ka pēhea te tino rerekētanga o te tairitahi Chebyshev Rūri Tūārau II i te tairitahi Tūārau I i ngā tono hangarau?

Ka tuku te tairitahi Tūārau I ki te pātea e teitei ake i roto i te pātea pātu, i te mea e pupuri ana te tairitahi Tūārau II i te pātea pātu āta, ā, nāna i taapiri te pātea i te wāhi mutu. Ka whakamahia ngā hoahoa Tūārau II i te wā e tino hira ana te tika o te pātea pātu.

7. He aha ngā āhuatanga e taea te huri i te reiti tapahi o te tairitahi Chebyshev?

Ko te pātea o ngā wāhanga, ngā whakarereketanga pāmahana, ngā pāngarau PCB, me ngā rerekētanga hanga e taea te huri i ngā uara kapasitātor me te pākoro, e mōhiotia ana ana ka raru te reiti tapahi i te mea mai i ngā kāwa e hangai ana.